African liberation movements
Editor’s Note: Liberated but not free

Editor’s Note: Liberated but not free

The 1950s, 60s and 70s were a heady time for Africa, as the continent broke free from the shackles of colonialism after more than a century of formal European rule following the 1884-5 Berlin Conference.  Leaders in...

Civil-military relations: An uneasy alliance

Civil-military relations: An uneasy alliance

Africa’s post-liberation legacy of toxic civil-military relations Unable to achieve their political objectives by peaceful means, African national liberation movements took up arms to compete for power militarily....